Description: Shipping from Europe with tracking number / small damage on rim !!!146gr golden bronze,68mm by A.Bertrand Paris Universal and International Exhibition of Paris 1900The balance of a centuryApril 15, 1900-November 12, 1900TunisiaTunisia obtained, this time, all the success of picturesque which had had, in 1889, the famous street of Cairo and this picturesque was of good taste, without these disparate a little violent which threw in the famous street the too crazy cavalcades , the often too naturalistic cries and gestures of donkeys. In addition, the Tunisian exhibition in 1900 fulfilled the other goal which must be that of any exhibition of distant possession: by a judicious selection of local products artistically presented, it made us known in the light. the most favorable a region that our protectorate has brought to an almost unexpected degree of prosperity.It is to the patient and courageous efforts of our resident general, Mr. René Millet, skillfully directing the beylical administration, that we owe this flourishing state of a land on which, in 1889, there was still so and so to do. The exhibition then only showed us ideas, an embryo of progress. Ourthe protectorate orientated itself, it measured, it guessed the field so wide which was offered to it; but he had only planted milestones yet, and rather on paper than on the ground itself. It was mainly a question of large public works, ports, roads, lighthouses that were missing and of which we recognized all the importance; maps showed them to us; but who could assure that they would be executed? It depended on the intelligence, the activity and the energetic will of the resident general of France to whom all these questions arise. Fortunately for our protectorate, Mr. Millet proved to be the right man to accomplish such a task; he carried it out with a certainty of vision, a breadth of ideas and a science of administrator who transformed Tunisia.On the other hand, coastal lighting is well under way; lighthouses have been built, notably in Bas-Tina and Bas-Tugëness, on the island of Djerba; they give safety to the shore, to merchant ships whose number is becoming more and more.Inside, Tunisia has 2,000 kilometers of road in perfect condition, the immense ribbon of which only gets longer every year. The network of Tunisian railways has developed in an astonishing way, pushed to Gafsa. Finally, agricultural hydraulic works have been undertaken almost everywhere and ensure the country a growing fertility of the soil.These, in broad outline, are the fruits of M. Millet's constant solicitude; this is the work he leaves behind. He was rewarded with a considerable influx of French settlers and capital; a good number of Parisians do not hesitate now, not only to visit Tunisia as tourists, whose beauty amazes them, but also to settle as industrialists, as farmers in properties that they buy and often that they manage themselves- same. Foreigners, especially Italians, imitate this beneficent exodus and the number of immigrants of Italian nationality is constantly increasing. They want nothing better than to bow to our customs, and even in the long run to adopt our language and to mingle intimately with our families of settlers. To help them, prepare a whole series of administrative measures, making their stay easier; French schools must be created everywhere, where the children of the natives and those of the immigrants will come to sit. Mr. Millet very judiciously recognized this need and he laid the foundations for a vast administrative, judicial and educational organization which is likely to completely change the country before long, to unify it and make it a truly French land.We had the complete perception of this transformation of Tunisia when we visited, as millions of people did, the official part of the Tunisian palaces, located at Trocadéro. These, for there were several of them, occupied, on the Passy side, the lower part of the gardens comprised between the two parallel lines of the Boulevard Delessert and the quay. A street separated them from Algeria.At the corner of this street, facing the opening near the Pont d'Iéna, the skilful architect, Mr. Saladin, one of the men who best know oriental art, had built the door and the minaret of the Barbier mosque, of Kairouan. This was the entrance to the Tunisian section, the commissioner of which was Doctor Loir.The Africanists had the joy of finding, opposite the door of the Barber, another mosque, the latter for the use of the natives. Its minaret was a restitution of that of the mosque of Sidi-Makhlouf, in Le Kef. Further on, at the open entrance on avenue Delessert, a third minaret appeared, that of the great mosque of Sfax. On this alignment, the visitor still found a copy of the mosque of Sidi-Mahrès, of Tunis. It contained the exhibition of the Regency's public services: commerce, industry, finance, agriculture, etc. Other pavilions were reserved for public works, transport, archeology. The section wall was a copy of the perimeter walls of Kai-rouan and Gafsa. The Entrance to the Tunisian restaurant was copied to a porch in Sidibou-Saïd. The Conference Pavilion reproduced that of the Manouba, a real gem.This was the architectural framework in which collections were gathered summarizing this state of prosperity in Tunisia that we have outlined in large lines above. We have only summarily reported the progress of major public works. Some other services were worth detailing, such as those relating to land use, for example, which were of great concern to the eminent resident general.The maps exhibited by the Regency's department of agriculture and trade highlighted the development of agricultural holdings in the northern region, in the Medjerdah valley and around Tunis. Most of these farms have the most advanced toolsand are subject to a rational culture which, on many points, does not yield in any way to that of the large farms of the metropolis.The plans of a large number of these areas (Rir-Kassa, Rou-Arada, Chaouat, Crétéville, M'Rira, Saint-Cyprien, etc.) could be consulted in the Tunisian section and were sufficient to give an idea of the average distribution of the various cultures in the north of the Regency.Cereals, vines and olive trees are the essential crops in Tunisia. The areas sown with cereals were, in 1899, 370,000 hectares for wheat and 405,000 hectares for barley. Durum wheat is the most cultivated; their grain is sought after for the production of semolina and pasta. Their average yield is 8 to 12 quintals per hectare among Europeans. French plows are starting to be used by the natives who are moreover encouraged there by tax deductions.Although it dates back only about twenty years, the cultivation of the vine has taken on a capital importance in the north of the Regency. The area of the vineyard has doubled over the past ten years; it is currently over 8000 hectares, producing around 220,000 hectoliters. To this day, this vineyard has remained free from phylloxera and black rot.Sixty-three exhibitors represented Tunisian viticulture at the Universal Exhibition. Tunisian wines are, in fact, more and more sought after. The wine making, which is the object of very particular care, is made at many Tunisian winegrowers with a wine equipment provided with the most recent improvements. The production of liqueur wines and that of brandies has grown considerably in recent years.The cultivation of the olive tree covers more than 200,000 hectares, and the production of oil rose during the 1898-1899 campaign, which was particularly good, at 45 million liters. The main centers of this culture are Bizerte, Tunis, Zaghouan, Sousse and Sfax. In the surroundings of this last city, the culture of the olive tree tends more and more to become exclusive there.Oranges, lemons, almonds, dates, figs, apricots, medlars, pomegranates, bananas, guavas, etc. are traded extensively; market gardening has developed rapidly around cities.Livestock is one of the main riches of Tunisia; it is rapidly improving among the settlers, as their livelihoods are transformed and cultural progress increases the fodder resources available to them. In short, the land, in any case, is developed.The trade also followed an astonishing upward march: during the first five years which preceded the treaty of the protectorate (treaty of Bardo), the total trade of the Regency reached annually (highest figure) 27 million and it is today of 100 million francs (1899)! Since 1890, exports from Tunisia to France have reached 5 to 30 million and imports from France to Tunisia have risen to more than 27 million, instead of 16.As for industry, it is progressing in the same way: there are, alongside the ancient Tunisian industry "by hand", mechanical factories of all kinds, distilleries, oil mills, mining operations, phosphate operations, etc.This economic development corresponds to an excellent financial situation.Tunisian public expenditure, which cannot undergo any increase during the fiscal year outside of budget forecasts, has always been rigorously kept below revenue forecasts. Also, all budgets since 1889 have been settled by surpluses, the total of which today represents more than 33 million francs, despite a miscellaneous expenditure budget amounting to 70 million.This management, by giving Tunisia an excellent reputation, developed its credit and provided it with two different occasions the opportunity to reduce the weight of its debt: a first conversion, in 1889, replaced a redeemable debt 3, 5% to the old perpetual debt 4%; a second conversion, in 1892, reduced the rate of interest to 3%. Not only did these two operations take place without increasing charges for Tunisia, but they also provided the Tunisian Treasury with 16 million profit.The Tunisian budgetary nomenclature was reformed from 1900: it no longer differs from that used in the metropolis. The Regency's budget has been published since the same date with the same developments as the French budget. It will now be set in the same forms. This capital reform makes it possible to follow, with the greatest ease, the financial operations of the administration of the protectorate.The honor of this flourishing state goes, as we have said, to the resident general. We must also indicate that Mr. Millet's concerns have moved to other subjects in which his literary and artistic spirit must have been reveling. He was particularly interested in Tunisian archeology which held a very important place in the palaces of the Trocadéro. The mission received by the Directorate of Antiquities at the head of which is Mr. Gauckler, is to study this country from a practical and scientific point of view.How has management done this for ten years? This is what the Exhibition aimed to bring out, by broadly summarizing the results acquired in the field in which it is exercised.The direction had undertaken the methodical inventory of the historical monuments of Tunisia since antiquity most remote until our days and presented, with superb albums, the models in relief of some particularly important buildings: the Capitol, the temple of Coelestis, the theater of Dougga, the Roman villa of Oudna, the Byzantine basilica of Carthage, various types of funerary monuments constituting a complete history of the African tomb.The study of the apparent ruins on the surface of the ground is completed by the search for the archaeological riches still unknown from the basement. The excavations undertaken in recent years have brought inexpensive remarkable finds, of which a choice was exhibited at the Trocadéro: the portraitVirgile, the mosaics of Oudna, Medéïna; the agrarian laws of Henchir-Mettich and Aïn-Ouassel, the cursus honorum of Salvius Julianus, the statues of Carthage, the masks, the gold jewels and the precious amulets of the contemporaries of Dido.All these new acquisitions enrich the collections of the State: the central museum of Bardo, without rival today for its series of mosaics, the museum of the White Fathers in Carthage, the museum of Sousse inaugurated in 1899, the hall of honor of the 4th tirailleurs. These collections were represented at the Exhibition, in particular by a curious series summarizing in a hundred numbers the complete history of the clay lamp, by photographs and by printed catalogs, accompanied by figures and plates.The archaeological work undertaken in Tunisia is therefore distinguished by its positive results and its practical nature: practical too is the mission that the protectorate has given itself to restore the indigenous art industries which seemed forever condemned by European competition, in particular earthenware, pottery, carpets, damascening, goldsmithing, carved wood and carved stucco.The Antiquities Department has set up in the Arab Bardo Museum a series of old models which serve to reform the taste of indigenous artists, degraded by Italian influence, and bring them back to purely Arab traditions. She photographs typical specimens that she cannot acquire. She saved the dying art of noukch-hadida, or stuccos cut with iron, by collecting the last of the nakach masters who still lived in Tunis and by making him train apprentices. The Bardo noukch-hadida workshop, founded only three years ago, is today in full prosperity, as evidenced by the central pavilion of the Tunisian section, the dome of the Souk mosque, the ornate panels that adorned the different rooms.There is nothing chimerical about the work undertaken and can be accomplished at little cost; but it had to be demonstrated that it offers a real interest in the economic future of Tunisia and that the workers capable of performing these works of art will find a clientele to buy them from them. This was shown by the retrospective exhibition of Arab art, where so much wealth had accumulated.We have to note, like the living memory of this exhibition, the so original part called the Tunisian Souk or bazaar which made the joy of the visitors and to which, by leaving it all its character, we had been able to preserve, better than at the rue du Caire already named, an aspect of orientalism of good quality. It was the gay corner of Trocadéro, with its merchants of jewelry, pottery, carpets, brass, carved wood, old and modern trinkets, at all costs, with its sellers of sweets and nougat. of rose water, enticing the public, cheerfully calling out without angering him, with his coffee, his native pastries, with, in a courtyard, the tent of carpet weavers where a little "Parisian from Tunis" was born in the month August. We spent delicious hours there, learning, strolling, having fun,
Price: 550 USD
Location: Petach Tikva
End Time: 2024-12-15T11:46:27.000Z
Shipping Cost: 20 USD
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All returns accepted: ReturnsNotAccepted
Type: Medal
Country/Region of Manufacture: Tunisia
