1939 Ecuador to USA CENSURED Cover Caterpillar Mail 3 Used Stamps

Description: ECUADOR 1939 MAIL COVER100% Original Old Stamps YOU ARE BIDDING ON: 1939 Ecuador to USA Cover Caterpillar Mail 3 Used Stamps Condition: Check the Picture, please Seller: StampLake.com Pro WORLDWIDE SHIPPING FLAT SHIPPING RATES - MULTIPLE ITEMS IN 1 PACKAGE Fast delivery with tracking number for only $7.95 * * $10.95 if more than 0.100 kg incl. pack. Save money on postage - add more than 1 products to cart and request total from the shopping card page. We will send you invoice with combined shipping price for all of your lots. Please note that we ship your order in 1-2 bussines days. Any further delays in shipment are likely the result of the delivery provider. International Shipments may take up to 3 weeks to arrive to their destination. We appreciate your patience and realistic shipping expectations for those Orders. ANY QUESTION? E-MAIL US All items are absolutely guaranteed to be genuine and as described. Buy with confidence-we are professional, full-time dealers in business for many years online on StampLake.com website. We pack and ship your purchases with care and consideration in a timely manner. With us, you can expect First-Class service and helpful consultation at no extra charge. PRODUCT INFO The history of mail and postage stamps of Ecuador describes the development of postal communications and the issuance of postage stamps in the territory of the Republic of Ecuador, a state in the northwest of South America, with its capital in Quito. Ecuador is a member of the Universal Postal Union (UPU; since 1880)[1], and the state company Correos del Ecuador[en][1][2] is responsible for postal services in the country. Content 1 Mail development 2 Issues of postage stamps 2.1 First stamps 2.2 Subsequent releases 2.3 Topics 3 Other types of postage stamps 3.1 Airmail 3.2 Service 3.3 Surcharges 3.4 Postal tax 3.5 Postal stamps 3.6 Telegraphic 4 SCADTA airline stamps 5 Galapagos Islands 6 British Consular Post 7 See also 8 Notes 9 Literature 10 Links Postal development Being part of the Spanish Viceroyalty of New Granada until 1822, the territory of present-day Ecuador was administered by the Spanish postal service. Initially, in part of the territory of Ecuador, a postal service was established and operated on the basis of the former messengers of the chasca and the routes that existed at that time. Until the 18th century, mail was transported privately with the help of a chaska[4][5]. Since 1779, rubber postmarks began to be used, including in 1819-1830 a beaded oval stamp was used [3]. From 1849 to 1880, the British post office in Guayaquil was engaged in the forwarding of external mail, where from 1849 the corresponding rubber stamps were used [3]. Postage stamps of France were used in Guayaquil from April 25, 1872 to March 4, 1874[3] when paying for mail forwarding by the Pacific Ligne F route in Guayaquil. On July 1, 1880, Ecuador joined the UPU and began to organize the work of its postal service within the framework of this international organization [1]. Since 1911, Ecuador has been a member of the Postal Union of the American States, Spain and Portugal (UPAEP)[2]. On October 1, 1937, Spain introduced the American-Spanish Reply Coupon (Spanish: Cupón-respuesta americoespañol). It was distributed in the countries of this postal union, including Ecuador, until February 29, 1956[6]. The modern national postal operator of the country is the state company Empresa Pública de Correos del Ecuador[2] (Correos del Ecuador[1]). For the village of Mitod del Mundo, located on the very equator, the postal service of Ecuador uses a special postmark with the inscription: “The pyramid located on the equator and dividing the world in half”[7]. Issues of postage stamps First stamps The first postage stamps of Ecuador were issued on January 1, 1865[3][8][≡]. The series consisted of 3 stamps depicting the state emblem.[9] Subsequent releases On the postage stamps issued in 1887, there were inscriptions fr. "Equateur" ("Ecuador"), "U. P.U." (“UPU”; short for “Union Postale Universelle” - “Universal Postal Union”)[≡][10]. The first Ecuadorian commemorative stamps were issued in 1896[8]. In 1902, during a fire in Guayaquil, the available stocks of stamps were stolen, in connection with which various overprints were made by hand on the stocks of postage stamps remaining in the post offices of various Ecuadorian cities, of which a large number of types are known [8]. In 1952, the first postal block of Ecuador appeared [8]. The following inscriptions can be found on the original stamps of Ecuador: Spanish. "Ecuador. Correos" ("Ecuador. Post"), "Correos y Telégrafos" ("Post and Telegraph")[≡], "Gorreos internes del Ecuador" ("Internal Post of Ecuador"), "Republica del Ecuador" ("Republic of Ecuador" )[10]. Examples of postage stamps of Ecuador dedicated to famous people of the country[^] 1890: Juan Flores, the first president of Ecuador. Stamp inscriptions: "Correos y Telégrafos" ("Post and Telegraph"), "U. P.U." ("VPS")[^]. Seal: Hamilton Bank Note Co. / Seebeck[en] 1890: Juan Flores, the first president of Ecuador. Stamp inscriptions: "Correos y Telégrafos" ("Post and Telegraph"), "U. P.U." ("VPS")[^]. Seal: Hamilton Bank Note Co. / Seebeck[en] 1899: Ecuadorian writer Juan Montalvo 1899: Ecuadorian writer Juan Montalvo 1907: Twice president of Ecuador, García Moreno. Print: Waterlow and Sons[en] 1907: Twice president of Ecuador, García Moreno. Print: Waterlow and Sons[en] Subject Ecuador's postage stamps feature a wide variety of topics - history, politics, prominent personalities of Ecuador[≡] and Latin America[≡], flora[≡] and fauna of the country[≡], sports[≡], transport[≡], etc. . A number of Ecuadorian stamps can be thematically classified as "Rossica". So, for example, in 1980, postage stamps and blocks of Ecuador were issued, which were dedicated to the XXII Summer Olympic Games in Moscow[8]. Other types of postage stamps Airmail Airmail stamps from Ecuador have been issued since 1929[8]. They had the inscription "Servicio aéreo" ("Air communication") or "Aéreo" ("Air")[10][≡]. Service In Ecuador, in 1884-1964, the emitteroval service stamps[8]. Additional payment In 1896-1958, surcharge stamps were issued there[8]. They are characterized by the inscription "Franqueo deficiente" ("Delivery of unpaid letters")[10]. Postal tax Since 1920, postal-tax stamps have been in circulation in the country[8]. The inscription on the postage and tax stamps read: “Timbre patriotico” (“Patriotic Collection Stamp”)[10]. Postal stamp In addition, in 1928-1946, non-post tobacco tax stamps were overprinted, after which they entered the postal circulation as postal, express, service and postal tax stamps (that is, postal stamps) [8]. Fiscal stamps were overprinted “Postal” (“Postal”)[10]. Telegraph Ecuador also produced telegraph stamps. A series of 1894 telegraph stamps of Ecuador in denominations of 10, 20 and 40 centavos (Yt #13-15). The stamps feature a portrait of the second President of Ecuador, Vicente Rocafuerte. Stamp engravings by Hamilton Bank Note Co. / Seebeck[en][^] A series of 1900 Ecuadorian telegraph stamps in denominations of 10, 20 and 40 centavos (Yt #23-25). The stamps show participants of the Bolívar army in the war for the independence of the Spanish colonies: Ricaurte[en], Salinas[en] Montufar[es]. Print: Waterlow and Sons[en][^] SCADTA airline stamps See also: Postal history and postage stamps of Colombia § Airmail The Colombian airline SCADTA[en], which operated both domestic flights in Ecuador and flights to Colombia and Peru, used its own postage stamps[3][11], which were in circulation from August 28, 1928 to December 27, 1930[3 ]. Galapagos Islands The first postage stamp of the Galapagos Islands was issued in 1957. On the original stamps, the inscription: "Islas Galapagos" ("Galapagos Islands"). Postage stamps bear the inscription "Gorreos" ("Mail"), and on airmail - "Soggeo aéreo" ("Airmail")[10]. For the period from 1957 to 1963, 6 postage stamps of the islands were issued[10]. British Consular Post See also: British Consular Post The British Post Office operated in Guayaquil from 1849-1880. Since 1849, appropriate rubber stamps have been used here. From January 26, 1865 to 1874, this post office in Guayaquil circulated British postage stamps, which were canceled with the alphanumeric stamp "C41"[3]. see also History of Ecuador List of people on postage stamps of Ecuador[en] Correos del Ecuador[en] Notes Ecuador (English). The UPU: Member countries: Americas. Universal Postal Union. Retrieved June 20, 2016. Archived from the original on June 20, 2016. Países miembros: Ecuador (Spanish). La Organization. Montevideo, Uruguay: UPAEP. Retrieved 16 June 2017. Archived from the original on 28 May 2017. Rossiter S., Fowler J., Wellsted R. Ecuador. Stamp Collecting Resources: Stamp Atlas. Knutsford, UK: Sandafayre Stamp Auctions; Sandafayre (Holdings) Ltd. Retrieved: 2016-1-13. Archived from the original on March 30, 2012. Bortfeldt D., Acosta C. V., Frohlich A. The Private Mail Carriers of Colombia. - Bogotá, Colombia: Colombian Philatelic Research Society, COLOMPHIL, 2006. (English) Bortfeldt D. Colombia - Postal History Catalog 1531-1859. — Bogotá, Colombia: Colombian Philatelic Research Society, COLOMPHIL, 2011. — ISBN 978-958-44-8568-7. (English) Restricted Unions Reply Coupons - Generalities. Postal Reply Coupons. France: André Hurtré (March 11, 2011). Retrieved 2 June 2008. Archived from the original on 11 January 2012. Mosaic // Philately of the USSR. - 1976. - No. 2. - P. 62. Ecuador // Large Philatelic Dictionary / N. I. Vladinets, L. I. Ilyichev, I. Ya. Levitas ... [and others]; under total ed. N. I. Vladints and V. A. Jacobs. - M .: Radio and communication, 1988. - S. 308-309. - 40,000 copies. — ISBN 5-256-00175-2. Catalog des timbres classiques du monde. 1840-1940 .. - Paris: Yvert & Tellier, 2010. - S. 305. - 1114 p. - ISBN 978-2-868114-202-3. Ecuador // Philatelic geography (foreign countries): Reference book / L. L. Lepeshinsky. - M .: Communication, 1967. - S. 414-415. — 480 s. Gross O., Gryzhevsky K. IV. In a kaleidoscope of brands. Consular stamps // Travels in the world of stamps / O. Gross, K. Gryzhevsky; Per. from Polish. Yu. M. Sokolova with abbr. - M .: Progress, 1977. - 50,000 copies. Archived from the original on October 1, 2015. (Accessed: June 23, 2016) Literature Ecuador // Large Philatelic Dictionary / N. I. Vladinets, L. I. Ilyichev, I. Ya. Levitas ... [and others]; under total ed. N. I. Vladints and V. A. Jacobs. - M .: Radio and communication, 1988. - S. 308-309. - 40,000 copies. — ISBN 5-256-00175-2. Ecuador // Philatelic geography (foreign countries): Reference book / L. L. Lepeshinsky. - M .: Communication, 1967. - S. 414-415. — 480 s. Olamo J.[en] The Revenue Stamps of Ecuador. - Helsinki, Finland: YLE, Monistuspalvelu, 1994. - ISBN 952-90-6121-8. (English) PRODUCT INFORMATION IN NORWEGIAN Historien til post- og frimerker i Ecuador beskriver utviklingen av postkommunikasjon og utstedelse av frimerker på territoriet til republikken Ecuador, en stat nordvest i Sør-Amerika, med hovedstad i Quito. Ecuador er medlem av Universal Postal Union (UPU; siden 1880)[1], og det statlige selskapet Correos del Ecuador[no][1][2] er ansvarlig for posttjenester i landet. Innhold 1 E-postutvikling 2 Utgivelser av frimerker 2.1 Første frimerker 2.2 Påfølgende utgivelser 2.3 Emner 3 Andre typer frimerker 3.1 Luftpost 3.2 Service 3.3 Tillegg 3.4 Postavgift 3.5 Poststempler 3.6 Telegrafisk 4 SCADTA flyselskapsstempler 5 Galapagosøyene 6 British Consular Post 7 Se også 8 Merknader 9 Litteratur 10 lenker Postutvikling Som en del av det spanske visekongedømmet New Granada frem til 1822, ble territoriet til dagens Ecuador administrert av det spanske postvesenet. Opprinnelig, i en del av Ecuadors territorium, ble det etablert en posttjeneste som ble operert på grunnlag av de tidligere budbringerne til chascaen og rutene som eksisterte på den tiden. Fram til 1700-tallet ble post fraktet privat ved hjelp av en chaska[4][5]. Siden 1779 begynte man å bruke gummipoststempler, blant annet ble det i 1819-1830 brukt et perleformet ovalt stempel [3]. Fra 1849 til 1880 var det britiske postkontoret i Guayaquil engasjert med videresending av ekstern post, hvor man fra 1849 brukte de tilsvarende gummistemplene [3]. Frimerker fra Frankrike ble brukt i Guayaquil fra 25. april 1872 til 4. mars 1874[3] når man betalte for videresending av post ved Pacific Ligne F-ruten i Guayaquil. 1. juli 1880 sluttet Ecuador seg til UPU og begynte å organisere arbeidet til postvesenet innenfor rammen av denne internasjonale organisasjonen [1]. Siden 1911 har Ecuador vært medlem av postunionen i de amerikanske statene, Spania og Portugal (UPAEP)[2]. 1. oktober 1937 introduserte Spania den amerikansk-spanske svarkupongen (spansk: Cupón-respuesta americoespañol). Den ble distribuert i landene i denne postunionen, inkludert Ecuador, frem til 29. februar 1956[6]. Den moderne nasjonale postoperatøren i landet er det statlige selskapet Empresa Pública de Correos del Ecuador[2] (Correos del Ecuador[1]). For landsbyen Mitod del Mundo, som ligger på selve ekvator, bruker postvesenet i Ecuador et spesielt poststempel med inskripsjonen: «Pyramiden som ligger på ekvator og deler verden i to» [7]. Utgivelser av frimerker Første frimerker De første frimerkene til Ecuador ble utstedt 1. januar 1865[3][8][≡]. Serien besto av 3 frimerker som avbildet statsemblemet.[9] Påfølgende utgivelser På de i 1887 utgitte frimerkene var det påskrifter fr. "Equateur" ("Ecuador"), "U. P.U." ("UPU"; forkortelse for "Union Postale Universelle" - "Universal Postal Union")[≡][10]. De første ecuadorianske minnefrimerkene ble gitt ut i 1896[8]. I 1902, under en brann i Guayaquil, ble de tilgjengelige frimerkelagrene stjålet, i forbindelse med at det ble laget forskjellige overtrykk for hånd på beholdningen av frimerker som var igjen på postkontorene til forskjellige ecuadorianske byer, hvorav et stort antall typer er kjent [8]. I 1952 dukket den første postblokken til Ecuador opp [8]. Følgende inskripsjoner finnes på de originale frimerkene til Ecuador: Spansk. "Ecuador. Correos" ("Ecuador. Post"), "Correos y Telégrafos" ("Post og telegraf")[≡], "Gorreos internes del Ecuador" ("Ecuadors interne post"), "Republica del Ecuador" ("Republikken av Ecuador")[10]. Eksempler på frimerker fra Ecuador dedikert til kjente personer i landet[^] 1890: Juan Flores, den første presidenten i Ecuador. Frimerkeinnskrifter: "Correos y Telégrafos" ("Post og telegraf"), "U. P.U." ("VPS")[^]. Segl: Hamilton Bank Note Co. / Seebeck[no] 1890: Juan Flores, den første presidenten i Ecuador. Frimerkeinnskrifter: "Correos y Telégrafos" ("Post og telegraf"), "U. P.U." ("VPS")[^]. Segl: Hamilton Bank Note Co. / Seebeck[no] 1899: Den ecuadorianske forfatteren Juan Montalvo 1899: Den ecuadorianske forfatteren Juan Montalvo 1907: To ganger president i Ecuador, García Moreno. Trykk: Waterlow and Sons[no] 1907: To ganger president i Ecuador, García Moreno. Trykk: Waterlow and Sons[no] Emne Ecuadors frimerker inneholder et bredt spekter av emner – historie, politikk, fremtredende personligheter i Ecuador[≡] og Latin-Amerika[≡], flora[≡] og fauna i landet[≡], sport[≡], transport[≡] , osv. . En rekke ecuadorianske frimerker kan tematisk klassifiseres som "Rossica". Så, for eksempel, i 1980 ble det gitt ut frimerker og blokker av Ecuador, som ble dedikert til de XXII olympiske sommerleker i Moskva[8]. Andre typer frimerker Luftpost Luftpoststempler fra Ecuador har blitt utstedt siden 1929[8]. De hadde inskripsjonen "Servicio aéreo" ("Air communication") eller "Aéreo" ("Air")[10][≡]. Service I Ecuador, i 1884-1964, utsenderenovale servicestempler[8]. Tilleggsbetaling I 1896-1958 ble det gitt ut tilleggsmerker der[8]. De er preget av inskripsjonen "Franqueo deficiente" ("Levering av ubetalte brev")[10]. Postavgift Siden 1920 har frimerker vært i omløp i landet[8]. Påskriften på porto- og skattefrimerkene lyder: «Timbre patriotico» («Patriotisk samlingsstempel»)[10]. Poststempel I tillegg, i 1928-1946, ble ikke-posttobakksavgiftsmerker overtrykt, hvoretter de kom inn i postomløpet som post-, ekspress-, service- og postavgiftsmerker (det vil si postfrimerker) [8]. Fiskale frimerker ble overtrykt «Postal» («Post»)[10]. Telegraf Ecuador produserte også telegraffrimerker. En serie med telegraffrimerker fra Ecuador fra 1894 i valører på 10, 20 og 40 centavos (Yt #13-15). Frimerkene har et portrett av den andre presidenten i Ecuador, Vicente Rocafuerte. Frimerkegraveringer av Hamilton Bank Note Co. / Seebeck[no][^] En serie med ecuadorianske telegraffrimerker fra 1900 i valører på 10, 20 og 40 centavos (Yt #23-25). Frimerkene viser deltakere fra Bolívar-hæren i krigen for uavhengigheten til de spanske koloniene: Ricaurte[en], Salinas[en] Montufar[es]. Trykk: Waterlow and Sons[no][^] SCADTA flyselskapsstempler Se også: Posthistorie og frimerker for Colombia § Luftpost Det colombianske flyselskapet SCADTA[en], som opererte både innenlandsflyvninger i Ecuador og flyreiser til Colombia og Peru, brukte sine egne frimerker[3][11], som var i omløp fra 28. august 1928 til 27. desember 1930[3 ]. Galapagosøyene Det første frimerket til Galapagosøyene ble utstedt i 1957. På de originale frimerkene, inskripsjonen: "Islas Galapagos" ("Galapagosøyene"). Frimerker bærer inskripsjonen "Gorreos" ("Mail"), og på luftpost - "Soggeo aéreo" ("Flypost")[10]. For perioden 1957 til 1963 ble det gitt ut 6 frimerker av øyene[10]. British Consular Post Se også: British Consular Post Det britiske postkontoret opererte i Guayaquil fra 1849-1880. Siden 1849 har det vært brukt passende gummistempler her. Fra 26. januar 1865 til 1874 sirkulerte dette postkontoret i Guayaquil britiske frimerker, som ble kansellert med det alfanumeriske stempelet "C41"[3]. se også Ecuadors historie Liste over personer på frimerker i Ecuador[no] Correos del Ecuador[no] Notater Ecuador (engelsk). UPU: Medlemsland: Amerika. Verdenspostforbundet. Hentet 20. juni 2016. Arkivert fra originalen 20. juni 2016. Países miembros: Ecuador (spansk). La Organisasjonen. Montevideo, Uruguay: UPAEP. Hentet 16. juni 2017. Arkivert fra originalen 28. mai 2017. Rossiter S., Fowler J., Wellsted R. Ecuador. Frimerkeinnsamlingsressurser: Frimerkeatlas. Knutsford, Storbritannia: Sandafayre frimerkeauksjoner; Sandafayre (Holdings) Ltd. Hentet: 2016-1-13. Arkivert fra originalen 30. mars 2012. Bortfeldt D., Acosta C. V., Frohlich A. The Private Mail Carriers of Colombia. - Bogotá, Colombia: Colombian Philatelic Research Society, COLOMPHIL, 2006. (engelsk) Bortfeldt D. Colombia - Posthistoriekatalog 1531-1859. — Bogotá, Colombia: Colombian Philatelic Research Society, COLOMPHIL, 2011. — ISBN 978-958-44-8568-7. (Engelsk) Svarkuponger for begrensede fagforeninger - Generelt. Svarkuponger for post. Frankrike: André Hurtré (11. mars 2011). Hentet 2. juni 2008. Arkivert fra originalen 11. januar 2012. Mosaikk // Filateli i USSR. - 1976. - Nr. 2. - S. 62. Ecuador // Large Philatelic Dictionary / N. I. Vladinets, L. I. Ilyichev, I. Ya. Levitas ... [og andre]; under totalt utg. N. I. Vladints og V. A. Jacobs. - M .: Radio og kommunikasjon, 1988. - S. 308-309. - 40 000 eksemplarer. — ISBN 5-256-00175-2. Catalog des timbres classiques du monde. 1840-1940 .. - Paris: Yvert & Tellier, 2010. - S. 305. - 1114 s. - ISBN 978-2-868114-202-3. Ecuador // Filatelisk geografi (fremmede land): Oppslagsbok / L. L. Lepeshinsky. - M .: Kommunikasjon, 1967. - S. 414-415. — 480 s. Gross O., Gryzhevsky K. IV. I et kaleidoskop av merker. Konsulære frimerker // Reiser i frimerkenes verden / O. Gross, K. Gryzhevsky; Per. fra polsk. Yu. M. Sokolova med fork. - M .: Fremskritt, 1977. - 50 000 eksemplarer. Arkivert fra originalen 1. oktober 2015. (Åpnet: 23. juni 2016) Litteratur Ecuador // Large Philatelic Dictionary / N. I. Vladinets, L. I. Ilyichev, I. Ya. Levitas ... [og andre]; under totalt utg. N. I. Vladints og V. A. Jacobs. - M .: Radio og kommunikasjon, 1988. - S. 308-309. - 40 000 eksemplarer. — ISBN 5-256-00175-2. Ecuador // Filatelisk geografi (fremmede land): Oppslagsbok / L. L. Lepeshinsky. - M .: Kommunikasjon, 1967. - S. 414-415. — 480 s. Olamo J.[no] Inntektsstemplene i Ecuador. - Helsinki, Finland: YLE, Monistuspalvelu, 1994. - ISBN 952-90-6121-8. 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[hide] International organizations [hide] v t e Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Nations Australia Brunei Canada Chile China Hong Kong¹ Indonesia Japan South Korea Malaysia Mexico New Zealand Papua New Guinea Peru Philippines Russia Singapore Chinese Taipei² Thailand United States Vietnam Summits 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Other APEC Business Travel Card APEC blue APEC Climate Center APEC Youth Science Festival 1. A special administrative region of China, participates as "Hong Kong, China"; 2. Officially the Republic of China, participates as "Chinese Taipei" [hide] v t e BRICS Membership Brazil Brazil Russia Russia India India China China South Africa South Africa Summits Yekaterinburg 2009 Brasília 2010 Sanya 2011 New Delhi 2012 Durban 2013 Fortaleza 2014 Ufa 2015 Goa 2016 Xiamen 2017 Johannesburg 2018 Brazil 2019 Bilateral relations Brazil–China Brazil–India Brazil–Russia Brazil–South Africa China–India China–Russia China–South Africa India–Russia India–South Africa Russia–South Africa Leaders Temer Putin Modi Xi Ramaphosa Related New Development Bank BRICS Contingent Reserve Arrangement BRICS Leaders BRICS Cable BRICS Universities League BRICS U-17 Football Cup 2016 Goa [hide] v t e Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Customs Union of Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Russia Eurasian Economic Union Union State Membership Members Armenia Azerbaijan Belarus Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Moldova Russia Tajikistan Uzbekistan Associate members Turkmenistan Ukraine Former members Georgia (1993–2009) History Russian Empire Soviet Union Dissolution of the Soviet Union Union of Sovereign States Belavezha Accords (Near abroad) Alma-Ata Protocol CIS flag Sports Unified Team at the Olympics Unified Team at the Paralympics CIS national bandy team CIS national football team CIS national ice hockey team CIS national rugby team CIS Cup (football) Military Collective Security Treaty Organization Collective Rapid Reaction Force Joint CIS Air Defense System Economics Economic Court CISFTA Eurasian Economic Community Eurasian Patent Convention Eurasian Patent Organization EU Technical Aid Organization Interstate Aviation Committee Council of Ministers of Defense of the CIS Category Category [hide] v t e Council of Europe Institutions Secretary General Committee of Ministers Parliamentary Assembly Congress Court of Human Rights Commissioner for Human Rights Commission for the Efficiency of Justice Commission against Racism and Intolerance Gold: founding member. Blue: Later (current) full members. Members Albania Andorra Armenia Austria Azerbaijan Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Georgia Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Latvia Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Macedonia1 Malta Moldova Monaco Montenegro Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania Russia San Marino Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom Observers Canada Holy See Israel Japan Mexico United States Sovereign Military Order of Malta Former members Czechoslovakia (1991–1992) Saar (assoc. 1950–1956) 1 Provisionally referred to by the Council of Europe as "the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia"; see Macedonia naming dispute. [hide] v t e East Asia Summit (EAS) First Second Third Fourth Fifth Sixth Seventh Eighth Ninth Tenth Eleventh Twelfth Australia Brunei Cambodia China India Indonesia Japan Laos Malaysia Myanmar New Zealand Philippines Russia Singapore South Korea Thailand United States Vietnam [hide] v t e Eurasian Economic Union Member states Armenia Belarus Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Russia Flag of the Eurasian Economic Union Observer members Moldova Prospective members Mongolia Syria Tajikistan [hide] v t e Group of Eight (G8) and Group of Eight + Five (G8+5) G8 members Canada France Germany Italy Japan Russia United Kingdom United States Representative European Union G8+5 Brazil China India Mexico South Africa See also Group of Six Group of Seven G7+1 [hide] v t e G20 major economies Argentina Argentina Australia Australia Brazil Brazil Canada Canada China China European Union European Union France France Germany Germany India India Indonesia Indonesia Italy Italy Japan Japan Mexico Mexico Russia Russia Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia South Africa South Africa South Korea Republic of Korea Turkey Turkey United Kingdom United Kingdom United States United States [hide] v t e Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC) Albania Armenia Azerbaijan Bulgaria Georgia Greece Moldova Romania Russia Serbia Turkey Ukraine [hide] v t e Quartet on the Middle East Negotiating parties Israel Israel Palestinian National Authority Palestinian Authority Diplomatic quartet European Union European Union (Mogherini) Russia Russia (Lavrov) United Nations United Nations (Guterres) United States United States (Sullivan) Special Envoy Netherlands Kito de Boer Associated organizations Elections Reform Support Group [hide] v t e Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) Summits Beijing 2012 Dushanbe 2014 Astana 2017 Member states China India Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Pakistan Russia Tajikistan Uzbekistan Observer states Afghanistan Belarus Iran Mongolia Dialogue partners Armenia Azerbaijan Cambodia Nepal Sri Lanka Turkey Guests ASEAN CIS Turkmenistan See also Eurasian Land Bridge Three Evils Working languages Chinese Russian [hide] v t e Security Council of the United Nations Power Chapter V Chapter VII Veto Resolution Organization Military Observer Peacebuilding Commission Counter-Terrorism Committee Peacekeeping Missions United Nations Command Unified Task Force Members Permanent China France Russia United Kingdom United States 2016–2017 Egypt Japan Senegal Ukraine Uruguay 2017 Italy 2017–2018 Bolivia Ethiopia Kazakhstan Sweden Category Category [hide] v t e World Trade Organization System Accession and membership Appellate Body Dispute Settlement Body International Trade Centre Chronology of key events Issues Criticism Doha Development Round Singapore issues Quota Elimination Peace Clause Agreements General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade Agriculture Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures Technical Barriers to Trade Trade Related Investment Measures Trade in Services Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights Government Procurement Information Technology Marrakech Agreement Doha Declaration Bali Package Ministerial Conferences 1st (1996) 2nd (1998) 3rd (1999) 4th (2001) 5th (2003) 6th (2005) 7th (2009) 8th (2011) 9th (2013) 10th (2015) People Roberto Azevêdo (Director-General) Pascal Lamy Supachai Panitchpakdi Alejandro Jara Rufus Yerxa Members Afghanistan Albania Algeria Angola Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Australia Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belize Benin Bolivia Botswana Brazil Brunei Burkina Faso Burma Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Democratic Republic of the Congo Republic of the Congo Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Cuba Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Fiji Gabon The Gambia Georgia Ghana Grenada Guatemala Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana Haiti Honduras Hong Kong1 Iceland India Indonesia Israel Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya South Korea Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Laos Lesotho Liberia Liechtenstein Macau1 Macedonia Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Moldova Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Namibia Nepal New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Norway Oman Pakistan Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Qatar Russia Rwanda St. Kitts and Nevis St. Lucia St. Vincent and the Grenadines Samoa Saudi Arabia Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Solomon Islands South Africa Sri Lanka Suriname Swaziland Switzerland Tajikistan Taiwan2 Tanzania Thailand Togo Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United States Uruguay Venezuela Vietnam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe European Union Austria Belgium Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Netherlands Poland Portugal Romania Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden United Kingdom Special administrative regions of the People's Republic of China, participates as "Hong Kong, China" and "Macao China". Officially the Republic of China, participates as "Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu", and "Chinese Taipei" in short. he Soviet Union (Russian: Сове́тский Сою́з, tr. Sovétsky Soyúz, IPA: [sɐˈvʲɛt͡skʲɪj sɐˈjus] (About this sound listen)), officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (Russian: Сою́з Сове́тских Социалисти́ческих Респу́блик, tr. Soyúz Sovétskikh Sotsialistícheskikh Respúblik, IPA: [sɐˈjus sɐˈvʲɛtskʲɪx sətsɨəlʲɪsˈtʲitɕɪskʲɪx rʲɪˈspublʲɪk] (About this sound listen)), abbreviated as the USSR (Russian: СССР, tr. SSSR), was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991. Nominally a union of multiple national Soviet republics,[a] its government and economy were highly centralized. The country was a one-party state, governed by the Communist Party with Moscow as its capital in its largest republic, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. Other major urban centres were Leningrad, Kiev, Minsk, Tashkent and Novosibirsk. The Soviet Union was one of the five recognized nuclear weapons states and possessed the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction.[7] It was a founding permanent member of the United Nations Security Council, as well as a member of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) and the leading member of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA) and the Warsaw Pact. The Soviet Union had its roots in the October Revolution of 1917, when the Bolsheviks, led by Vladimir Lenin, overthrew the Russian Provisional Government which had replaced Tsar Nicholas II during World War I. In 1922, after a civil war, the Soviet Union was formed with the unification of the Russian, Transcaucasian, Ukrainian and Byelorussian republics. Following Lenin's death in 1924 and a brief power struggle, Joseph Stalin came to power in the mid-1920s. Under Stalin's leadership, the Soviet Union transitioned from a market economy into a centrally planned economy which led to a period of rapid industrialization and collectivization. As industrial production skyrocketed, the Soviet Union achieved full employment, implemented a universal healthcare system, sharply reduced illiteracy, and provided guarantees of paid vacations, rest homes, and recreational clubs. This period of industrialization was a time of enormous improvements in the standard of living for millions of people in the country, starkly contrasting with the situations of other countries during the Great Depression, but was also a time characterized by major institutional shortcomings and failures. In the 1930s, with the rise of fascism in Europe, the Communist Party pursued aggressive campaigns to suppress potential counter-revolution, fermenting political paranoia which culminated in the Great Purge in which extrajudicial arrests and executions of suspected counter-revolutionaries led to an estimated 600,000 deaths. As a result of these mass arrests, penal labor through the Gulag system was used to construct infrastructure projects, though this consistently proved to be an inefficient system throughout its existence.[8] Increased demand for agricultural products to pay for industrialization combined with a relatively low harvest yield led to the famine of 1932–33 in which an estimated 2.4 to 4 million people died in the country's agricultural centers of Ukraine, southern Russia, and Kazakhstan.[9][10] After the rise of Adolf Hitler in Germany, Stalin tried repeatedly to form an anti-fascist alliance with other European countries. However, finding no support, shortly before World War II, the Soviet Union became the last major country to sign a treaty with Germany with the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, after which the two countries invaded Poland in September 1939. In June 1941, the pact collapsed as Germany invaded the Soviet Union, opening the largest and bloodiest theatre of war in history. Soviet war casualties accounted for the highest proportion of the conflict in the effort of acquiring the upper hand over Axis forces at intense battles such as Stalingrad and Kursk. The territories overtaken by the Red Army became satellite states of the Soviet Union; the postwar division of Europe into capitalist and communist halves would lead to increased tensions with the West, led by the United States. The Cold War emerged by 1947, as the Eastern Bloc, united under the Warsaw Pact in 1955, confronted the Western Bloc, united under NATO in 1949. On 5 March 1953, Stalin died and was quickly succeeded by Nikita Khrushchev, who in 1956 denounced Stalin and began the De-Stalinization of Soviet society through the Khrushchev Thaw. The Soviet Union took an early lead in the Space Race, with the first artificial satellite and the first human spaceflight. Khrushchev was removed from power by his colleagues in 1964 and was succeeded as head of state by Leonid Brezhnev. In the 1970s, there was a brief détente of relations with the United States, but tensions resumed with the Soviet–Afghan War in 1979. In the mid-1980s, the last Soviet leader, Mikhail Gorbachev, sought to reform and liberalize the economy through his policies of glasnost (government transparency) and perestroika (openness, restructuring). Under Gorbachev, the role of the Communist Party in governing the state was removed from the constitution, causing a surge of severe political instability to set in. The Cold War ended during his tenure, and in 1989, Soviet satellite states in Eastern Europe overthrew their respective communist governments. With the rise of strong nationalist and separatist movements inside the union republics, Gorbachev tried to avert a dissolution of the Soviet Union in the post-Cold War era. A March 1991 referendum, boycotted by some republics, resulted in a majority of participating citizens voting in favor of preserving the union as a renewed federation. Gorbachev's power was greatly diminished after Russian President Boris Yeltsin played a high-profile role in facing down an abortive August 1991 coup d'état attempted by Communist Party hardliners. On 25 December 1991, Gorbachev resigned and the remaining twelve constituent republics emerged as independent post-Soviet states. The Russian Federation—formerly the Russian SFSR—assumed the Soviet Union's rights and obligations and is recognized as the successor state of the Soviet Union.[11][12][13] In summing up the international ramifications of these events, Vladislav Zubok stated: "The collapse of the Soviet empire was an event of epochal geopolitical, military, ideological and economic significance. Soviet Union topics History Index of Soviet Union-related articles Russian Revolution February October Russian Civil War Russian SFSR USSR creation treaty New Economic Policy Stalinism Great Purge Great Patriotic War (World War II) Cold War Khrushchev Thaw 1965 reform Stagnation Perestroika Glasnost Revolutions of 1989 Dissolution Nostalgia Post-Soviet states State Emblem of the Soviet Union.svg Geography Subdivisions Republics autonomous Oblasts autonomous Autonomous okrugs Closed cities list Regions Caspian Sea Caucasus Mountains European Russia North Caucasus Siberia Ural Mountains West Siberian Plain Politics General Constitution Elections Foreign relations Brezhnev Doctrine Government list Human rights LGBT Law Leaders Collective leadership Passport system State ideology Marxism–Leninism Leninism Stalinism Bodies Communist Party organisation Central Committee Politburo Secretariat Congress General Secretary Congress of Soviets (1922–1936) Supreme Soviet (1938–1991) Congress of People's Deputies (1989–1991) Supreme Court Offices Premier President Deputy Premier First Deputy Premier Security services Cheka GPU NKVD MVD MGB KGB Political repression Red Terror Collectivization Great Purge Population transfer Gulag list Holodomor Political abuse of psychiatry Ideological repression Religion Suppressed research Censorship Censorship of images Economy Agriculture Central Bank Energy policy Five-Year Plans Net material product Inventions Ruble (currency) Internet domain Transport Science Communist Academy Academy of Sciences Academy of Medical Sciences Lenin All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences Sharashkas Naukograds list Society Crime Demographics Soviet people working class 1989 census Languages Linguistics LGBT Culture Ballet Cinema Fashion Literature Music opera Propaganda Sports Stalinist architecture Opposition Soviet dissidents and their groups list Anthem republics Emblem republics Flag republics Template Templates Departments Russian Revolution 1917 Joseph Stalin Stagnation Era Fall of Communism Wikipedia book Book Category Category Commons page Commons Portal Portal WikiProject WikiProject [hide] Administrative division of the Soviet Union [hide] v t e Republics of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1922–1991) Principal Armenia Azerbaijan Byelorussia Estonia1 Georgia Kazakhstan Kirghizia Latvia1 Lithuania1 Moldavia Russian SFSR Tajikistan Turkmenia Ukraine Uzbekistan State Emblem of the Soviet Union Short-lived Karelo-Finnish SSR (1940–1956) Transcaucasian SFSR (1922–1936) Non-union republics SSR Abkhazia (1921–1931) Bukharan SSR (1920–1925) Khorezm SSR (1920–1925) Nakhichevan ASSR (1920–1923) Pridnestrovian Moldavian SSR (1990–1991) South Ossetian SR (1990–1991) 1The annexation of the Baltic republics in 1940 was considered as an illegal occupation and was not recognized by the majority of the international community such as the United States, United Kingdom and the European Community. The Soviet Union officially recognized their independence on September 6, 1991, prior to its final dissolution three months later. [hide] v t e Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics of the Soviet Union Soviet Union By name Abkhaz Adjar Bashkir Buryat1 Chechen-Ingush Chuvash Crimean Dagestan Gorno-Altai Kabardin Kabardino-Balkar Kalmyk Karakalpak Karelian Kazak2 Kirghiz2 Kirghiz Komi Mari Moldavian Mordovian Mountain Nakhchivan North Ossetian Tajik Tatar Turkestan Tuva Udmurt Volga German Yakut Coat of arms of the Soviet Union By year established 1918–1924 Turkestan 1918–1941 Volga German 1919–1990 Bashkir 1920–1925 Kirghiz2 1920–1990 Tatar 1921–1990 Adjar 1921–1945 Crimean 1921–1991 Dagestan 1921–1924 Mountain 1921–1990 Nakhchivan 1922–1991 Yakut 1923–1990 Buryat1 1923–1940 Karelian 1924–1940 Moldavian 1924–1929 Tajik 1925–1992 Chuvash 1925–1936 Kazak2 1926–1936 Kirghiz 1931–1991 Abkhaz 1932–1992 Karakalpak 1934–1990 Mordovian 1934–1990 Udmurt 1935–1943 Kalmyk 1936–1944 Chechen-Ingush 1936–1944 Kabardino-Balkar 1936–1990 Komi 1936–1990 Mari 1936–1990 North Ossetian 1944–1957 Kabardin 1956–1991 Karelian 1957–1990 Chechen-Ingush 1957–1991 Kabardino-Balkar 1958–1990 Kalmyk 1961–1992 Tuva 1990–1991 Gorno-Altai 1991–1992 Crimean 1 Buryat–Mongol until 1958. 2 Kazak ASSR was called Kirghiz ASSR until 1925. [hide] v t e Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Autonomous oblasts of the Soviet Union Soviet Union Adyghe Chechen–Ingush Chechen Ingush Chuvash Gorno-Altai Gorno-Badakhshan Jewish Kabardino-Balkar Kalmyk Kara-Kirghiz Karachay-Cherkess Cherkess Karachay Kara-Kalpak Komi-Zyryan Khakas Mari Moldavian Nagorno-Karabakh North Ossetian South Ossetian Tuvan Udmurt Coat of arms of the Soviet Union [hide] v t e Socialism by country By country American Left Australia British Left Canada Estonia France Hong Kong India Netherlands New Zealand Pakistan History Brazil United Kingdom United States Regional variants African Arab British Burmese Chinese Israeli Melanesian Nicaraguan Tanzanian Venezuelan Vietnamese Communist states Africa Angola Benin Congo-Brazzaville Ethiopia (1974–1987) Ethiopia (1987–1991) Madagascar Mozambique Somalia Americas Cuba Grenada Asia Afghanistan Cambodia (1976–1979) Cambodia (1979–1993) China North Korea Laos Mongolia Tuva Vietnam North Vietnam South Yemen Short-lived Gilan Iranian Azerbaijan Kurdish Republic of Mahabad South Vietnam Soviet China Europe Albania Bulgaria Czechoslovakia East Germany Hungary (1949–1989) Poland Romania Soviet Union Yugoslavia Short-lived Alsace-Lorraine Bavaria Bremen Finland Hungary (1919) Galicia Ireland Slovakia (1919) History of socialism [hide] v t e Eastern Bloc Soviet Union Communism Formation Secret Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact protocol Soviet invasion of Poland Soviet occupations Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina Baltic states Hungary Romania Yalta Conference Annexed as, or into, SSRs Eastern Finland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Memel East Prussia West Belarus Western Ukraine Moldavia Satellite states Hungarian People's Republic Polish People's Republic Czechoslovak Socialist Republic Socialist Republic of Romania German Democratic Republic People's Republic of Albania (to 1961) People's Republic of Bulgaria Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia (to 1948) Annexing SSRs Russian SFSR Ukrainian SSR Byelorussian SSR Organizations Cominform COMECON Warsaw Pact World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU) World Federation of Democratic Youth (WFDY) Revolts and opposition Welles Declaration Goryani Movement Forest Brothers Ukrainian Insurgent Army Operation Jungle Baltic state continuity Baltic Legations (1940–1991) Cursed soldiers Rebellion of Cazin 1950 1953 uprising in Plzeň 1953 East German uprising 1956 Georgian demonstrations 1956 Poznań protests 1956 Hungarian Revolution Novocherkassk massacre 1965 Yerevan demonstrations Prague Spring / Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia Brezhnev Doctrine 1968 Red Square demonstration 1968 student demonstrations in Belgrade 1968 protests in Kosovo 1970 Polish protests Croatian Spring 1972 unrest in Lithuania SSR June 1976 protests Solidarity / Soviet reaction / Martial law 1981 protests in Kosovo Reagan Doctrine Jeltoqsan Karabakh movement April 9 tragedy Romanian Revolution Black January Cold War events Marshall Plan Berlin Blockade Tito–Stalin split 1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état 1961 Berlin Wall crisis Conditions Emigration and defection (list of defectors) Sovietization of the Baltic states Information dissemination Politics Economies Telephone tapping Decline Revolutions of 1989 Fall of the Berlin Wall Romanian Revolution Fall of communism in Albania Singing Revolution Collapse of the Soviet Union Dissolution of Czechoslovakia January 1991 events in Lithuania January 1991 events in Latvia Post-Cold War topics Baltic Assembly Collective Security Treaty Organization Commonwealth of Independent States Craiova Group European Union European migrant crisis Eurasian Economic Union NATO Post-Soviet states Shanghai Cooperation Organisation Visegrad Group [hide] v t e Disinformation Types Alternative facts Big lie Bullshit Cherry picking Circular reporting Deception Doublespeak Echo chamber Euphemistic misspeaking Euromyth Factoid Fake news by country online Fallacy False accusation False flag Filter bubble Gaslighting Half-truth Hoax Ideological framing Internet manipulation Media manipulation Potemkin village Post-truth Propaganda Quote mining Scientific fabrication Smearing Social bot Spin View from nowhere Yellow journalism Books Disinformation by Ion Mihai Pacepa Dezinformatsia: Active Measures in Soviet Strategy The KGB and Soviet Disinformation The Case for Latvia Who's Who in the CIA Disinformation operations 1995 CIA disinformation controversy CIA Kennedy assassination conspiracy theory Funkspiel Habbush letter Information Operations Roadmap Jihadunspun.com Jonestown conspiracy theories K-1000 battleship Mafkarat al Islam Media censorship and disinformation during the Gezi Park protests Mohamed Atta's alleged Prague connection Niger uranium forgeries Operation INFEKTION Operation Neptune Operation Shocker Operation Toucan Pope Pius XII and Russia Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections Seat 12 Strategy of tension Trolls from Olgino U.S. Army Field Manual 30-31B Web brigades Yellow rain Countering disinformation Active Measures Working Group Counter Misinformation Team Countering Foreign Propaganda and Disinformation Act East StratCom Team FactCheck.org PolitiFact Snopes.com United States Information Agency Related series: Fraud • Media manipulation • Propaganda. Vintage stamps and rare coins sale online! Продажа старинных марок и редких монет онлайн - stamplake.com STAMPLAKE.COM PROFESSIONAL SELLER Type of capital investments, as investments in antiques is growing in popularity more and more each day. It's quite a profitable and safe investment, as prices for antiques are steadily growing (on average 20% per year), which often exceeds the growth of stocks in the stock market. In addition, investment in antiques enriches not only materially bringing income but also spiritually, bringing esthetic pleasure. However, investing money in antiques is a complex activity. In order to make substantial amount of money, You need to acquire special knowledge and build relationships in the appropriate community. It is necessary to understand what things really have the potential to increase in value and which, on the contrary, are hopeless. The word "antique" has Latin roots and means "old". The core value of antiques is in the fact that they are old. Age objects which are considered as antique, can start from 10-15 years, depending on the historical, physical and chemical characteristics of the object. Often, investment in antiques and collecting go hand in hand. That's why making money on old things is going better at those who are careful to things and who are orientating in the history very well. Fortunately for new investors, in the environment of antiques consultants are available whose main task is to help the investor to separate the "wheat from the chaff" and to make competent investment. It should be noted that to start investing in antiques it's not necessary to have a large amount of money. A lot of people begin with inexpensive paintings of young artists and a variety of interesting subjects. As a rule, in the beginning investor collects works of art in the style that appeales to him, purely for pleasure, and much later investor begins to think about making money. You can buy antiques literally everywhere, even at the grandmother, neighbor. However, if you are not familiar with antiques, it is wiser to trust the various antique shops, exhibition and museum authority. Such authority have expertise in selling things and do not allow to enter counterfeits into the market. If you want to do engage in such a profitable and exciting business, as investing in antiques, we will be happy to offer You assistance which will be provided by our experienced consultants who can help You see all the "pitfalls", to make the right choices and get real pleasure from the trip to the mysterious and magical world of collection. Dear collectors! StampLake.com are working for you and it's very important for us, that you can always find and buy in our store exactly what you are looking for and dreaming about. Therefore, if you do not succeed in finding the item, let us know and we will find and order the product you are interested in. Features and further details Dear collectors! StampLake.com are working for you and it's very important for us, that you can always find and buy in our store exactly what you are looking for and dreaming about. Therefore, if you do not succeed in finding the item, let us know and we will find and order the product you are interested in. Our company is made by collectors for collectors. We are selling various items which are related to the collection (coins, banknotes, faleras, antiques, various accessories, specialized literature and much else). Definitely here you will find a lot of necessary and useful items which you are interested in. We are always glad to meet you personally and definitely you will find the item you are interested in. Contact us We can be contacted at any time through eBay messages if you have any questions, comments or product requests. We will respond to you within 24-48 hours and do our best to help you out! 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Price: 11.2 USD

Location: Bergen

End Time: 2025-01-01T00:35:52.000Z

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